Components of Business Documents

Components of Business Documents When is it appropriate to submit a report in business? Compare 3 types of business documents, look at the components of each and recommend the ideal business scenario for each. Executive Summary A business report is a written document, which provides comprehensive information and specific topic for a business purpose. The study investigated about definition, content and purpose of a business report. The study consisted of an analysis of three types of business documents and the ideal business scenario for each, and was based on information collected from a variety of sources: textbook, books and the Internet. Introduction A business report is a written document, which constitutes comprehensive information and specific topic for a significant business purpose. The purpose of a business report is typically used to make plans for the future, assist in decision-making, and propose a business idea. There are various types of reports that depending on different situations such as: informational reports, analytical reports, research reports and so on. The report is divided into two main sections: a Findings section, which presents information about three types of business documents, and a Recommendations section that provides specific suggestion about using each of business documents in distinct situations. Types of business documents Emails An email is considered as a form of business communication that is fast and convenient for everyone to use. They just need to access to the Internet to send and receive documents via emails. Business emails are generally brief, positive and professional. There are various benefits for people to use the email. It is a useful medium that can reach anywhere in the world after few minutes of being sent. With the available of the Internet, it can be connected quickly through laptops, computers or smart phones and can be sent fast to many people at the same time. Beside, the writers can send combinable emails that have text, pictures, videos and sounds. They also can attach documents or other files to the email. Nowadays, more enterprises are using email communications as an effectively communicational tool that helps them to share necessary information with customers, employees, and prospects. However, there are some disadvantages to take into consideration to use the email efficiently. Firstly, it is quiet difficult to discriminate between casual and formal emails because of their similar layout. Secondly, it takes us a lot of time to deal with spam and may cause information overload. It has some difficulty in solving viruses that affect an organizations online systems. Moreover, it can lead to interactive obstacle and decrease relationship building in environmental working. Finally, it also may lead to misunderstandings because the receivers just can read without knowing the writers tone and expression. There are six common types of email: instruction emails, request emails, announcement emails, transmittal emails, authorization emails and confirmation emails. Memorandums A memorandum is brief summary used as a means of internal communication. It provides suggestions, conveys information, seeks explanation and may solve problems. It includes detailed information on routine activities of an organization and is used by many companies for distinct purposes. The body of the memo is a short piece of writing that has numbered paragraphs and contains the subject sentence. It has a specific structure and is written in Plain English to show an actual, objective description of the topic with readers. Memos can be sent accurately to many receivers with just a single click. It provides a snapshot of what is happening in a workplace at a particular point and who is involved in company activities. It is considered as a written record or evidence of communication for reference. Therefore, managers and employees can refer to the memo to solve problems when they have a contradiction. In addition, memos are usually be short and to the point that enable the writer to disseminate information logically. One of the disadvantages of memos is lack of explanation. Because of the concise form, the readers sometime cannot understand clearly about the main content of the memo. It also can lead to the lack of formality because memos provide only informal communication. There are six types of memos: instruction emails, request emails, announcement emails, transmittal emails, authorization emails, confirmation emails. Report A report, whether long or short, shows comprehensive information on a specific issue. It provides specific information that help managers in making a decision, controlling progress or planning for the future action. Business reports play a vital role in conveying information to everyone in an organization. It is necessary management tool for managers to make a decision and resolve problems. Reports not only transmit internal information but also supply important information for customers, shareholders, agencies, suppliers and so on. Moreover, reports are used to develop information base in a company in two main ways: Firstly, day-to-day information is recorded endlessly for writing reports. Secondly, the saved reports will be used for future reference. By these ways, reports assist in boosting a secure information base. Although there is no doubt that reports are useful management tool, they also have several drawbacks. One of limitations of reports is cost of valuable time and money. Sometimes, reports become misunderstanding because it is not interact and the readers cannot give questions and get feedback. The viability of establishing a new salon was considered in relation to two broad areas the mega environment and the task environment (Bartol et al. 2008). Each of these areas is discussed below.

The Success of Micro Finance in Pakistan :: Finance

As found by Hartangi (2007) that success of Micro finance depends upon the practices of that specific bank, which finance poor people, by quoting and example of BRI (Bank Rakyat, Indonesia) researcher says that they provide technical and moral support to the people they lend money, and make sure they do good, they also choose different collaterals like motorcycle, cars, cattle, and land etc to secure their loan yet making collateral stronger incase the client fails to repay and credits interesting for lower class community. Beside this, Risk management, internal audit, financial procedures, transparent system, dedicated staff, and clear incentives to staff and clients are the factors which contribute toward the successful lending of micro finances. Obamuyi (2009) says that poor credit culture and low risk management can result in low rate of return, which finally ends with the failure of the scheme. The risk of low rate of return can also be minimized by the assistance provided by th e MFIs to develop the small business of clients (Zelealem, Temtime, & Shunda, 2003). RESEARCH METHADOLOGY Study type This study is a correlational study in which relation between income level, living standard, access to education, and empowerment due to micro financing in Pakistan is studied. Study setting Study was conducted in natural environment, and no lab settings were used while studying the relationship between income level, empowerment, access to education, and access to health facilities due to MFIs in Pakistan has been studies, which makes this study a non-contrived study. Unit of Analysis Different individuals, who obtained micro finances from Micro financial institutions of Pakistan, were asked to record their responses. Time Horizon Data was collected from individuals who obtained micro finances from MFIs in Pakistan once in one month time period; there will be no further data collection for this study. The collected responses are one shot, which make this study a cross-sectional study. Data This study utilized primary data as well as secondary data. Primary data was gathered from individual who obtained micro finances from MFIs in Pakistan, data was gathered using a prepared research instrument. And secondary data was collected for literature review, from different online research databases. Data Analysis Data was inspected, cleaned, transformed and modeled using SPSS V.17.0 to highlight useful information. Linear Regression was applied as per the requirement of the study to explore the relationship between increase in income, living standard, access to education, and empowerment, due to MFIs in Pakistan. Sampling type A non probability convenience sampling was done, questionnaire were distributed among customers of MFIs who were conveniently available to the researcher.

Later Adulthood Essay

Aging in our society can be a very stressful time regarding our elderly. They are going through tremendous changes not only physically, emotionally, but also socially. It is in our best interest to help them make the proper adjustments during what can be a difficult time for some. Retirement is not always the best thing for our senior citizens. It can be a trying time as they no longer feel useful. We need to insure they remain productive by maintaining relationships with friends and family, volunteering, finding a hobby, and most important maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Because our society is so obsessed with youth, many of our senior citizens feel left out. In Japan, they treat their elders with the utmost respect. (Maslow, Kirst 2010). It is our turn to treat our senior citizens with the same respect instead of shunning them from society. At times their living accommodations are not suitable and the amount of healthcare they may need can cause stress in their lives. Their relationships with their spouses, children, friends, and coworkers change dramatically. It can be a difficult transition and is up to us to make sure they can ease into later adulthood with positive attitudes and a foundation of hope for their future. In their later adulthood years, the elderly experience changes in their roles and social position. Upon retirement, many aging individuals may withdraw from their social network circle. This may happen when the individual is not ready to retire and resents being forced to retire. They begin to feel unwanted and feel they no longer have anything in common with their friends. Our society does not incorporate the elderly desires of remaining productive which may cause them to disengage in socializing with their peers. Their social status changes from teacher, pharmacist, and store manager to perhaps a regular Joe in the neighborhood. This can impact their mentality and their ability to maintain a positive attitude during retirement. One of the best ways for the elderly to continue to feel worthy during their later years is perhaps volunteering and influencing our youth with their knowledge and wisdom. Determining the best suited living accommodations for the elderly can be a daunting task for their loved ones. Many elderly are determined to stay in their homes living independently and if they are not ill than that option may work for them. There are many  factors that determine if they can stay in their home. Do they have transportation? Are they close to stores and medical care? If their loved one has health issues and requires medical attention around the clock than a nursing home would be their best option. Another option would be a retirement community, senior apartments or senior homes. Trying to find the best living accommodation for the elderly to spend their days living productive lives is very important. They also need access to affordable healthcare. Many elderly are plagued with health issues and cannot afford prescriptions or doctor visits. They do benefit from senior citizen discounts but it is not enough to cover all their medical expenses. Our society needs to find a better solution in terms of our aging population and health care needs. Kim & Moen stated† On the one hand, the retirement experience may promote a sense of well-being, as workers move out of demanding and/or stressful career jobs. On the other hand, the retirement passage itself may lead to diminished well-being, as individuals lose their occupational attachments, their social network of coworkers, and a major anchor for their identities.† (Headnote, para 2). Regarding our aging population, the most difficult time for them can be transitioning from working all their life to retirement. Our society has stressed the importance of youth and our elderly start to feel useless. Going into to retirement can cause more burdens on the elderly. By living on a fixed income and not being able to spend on eating out, movies, or even vacationing can takes its toll on the elderly. They can become depressed, which can then lead to suicidal thoughts. Another factor of going into retirement is the elderly may lose contact with coworkers since they no longer have work to discuss, they start to avoid contact with friends. Many elderly couples may not get along during retirement, they are not accustomed to being around their loved ones all day and this can cause problems in their marriage. Our society needs to encourage our elderly to remain productive after retirement so they can feel needed and participate in volunteer programs offered in their communities. If they are able to work and can continue to contribute to society, it will be a positive situation for everyone including our economy. There are many factors that can contribute to our elderly populations marital, family and peer relationships. During retirement, an elderly couple may experience more  marital strife as they are attempting to get used to being home all day. Their health also plays a part on their marital relationship. If one partner is ill, than the other partner has to care for the ill partner and this will cause stress. As couples, our elderly may not have the bond the once had at a younger age. They need to maintain a close relationship and focus on their positive aspects of their relationship. Regarding their own children, some elderly attempt to withdraw and not maintain close relationships with their children or grandchildren. Some will engage more and try to interfere in raising their grandchildren, which will cause problems with their own children. In their peer relationships, they may withdraw also. It does depend on the individual and their circumstances on how they handle the important relationships in their lives. Bookwala and Franks (2005) found that having a successful marriage will enhance the physical wellbeing of elderly couples as they progress into their golden years. There are many social policies impacting our aging population. Many of these social policies were designed to assist our elderly during their retirement years. â€Å"One out of ten older people live in poverty.† (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, para. Financial Problems of Older People). This information demonstrates the dire situation our elderly are experiencing. How are they able to make ends meet if they have no savings and living entirely on Social Security benefits? Another factor is the cost of healthcare that many aging individuals have to deal with. If they are in poor health and are in need of constant doctor supervision and medicine, they are relying on the governments Medicaid program and at times this can cause added stress in their lives. If their health is deteriorating, it makes sense that we need to implement new strategies to assist the elderly with aging. We should also encourage them to work if they are physically fit and able instead of discriminating against them based on their age. Our focus should be campaigning for them to engage in exercise, eating healthy and maintaining an active lifestyle throughout their lives to delay the effects of aging. In order for our elderly to continue progressing in later adulthood, our society needs to change our way thinking. We should encourage elderly people to work and be productive. A national campaign for our elders should address the benefits of physical fitness, eating right, and  maintaining close relationships with their loved ones. We should make them feel wanted and treat them with the utmost respect. They have lived life, have wisdom and experience to share with everyone. By incorporating those into volunteer programs will also be highly beneficial for everyone involved. Making sure they are happy and living in acceptable conditions should also be our concern. Now is the time, to turn the tables around and ensure that we are doing our best to take care for our aging population. Works Cited Bookwala, J., & Franks, M.M. (2005). Moderating role of marital quality in older adults depressed affect: Beyond the main-effects model. The Journal of Gerontology, 60B (6), p.338-p.341. Kim, J.E., & Moen, P. (2002). Retirement transitions, gender, and psychological well-being: a life course, ecological model. The Journal of Gerontology, 57B (3), p.212-p.222. Zastrow, C. H., & Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior & the Social Environment (8th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database

Matewan essays

Matewan essays John Sayles Matewan is a brilliant drama set detailing the conflict between coal miners and anti-union forces in 1920. Though the movie is fictional, it is based squarely on the bitter and often bloody dispute that entrenched coal miners and operators against each other for more than 20 years. One of the major problems was that coal was becoming less and less profitable to mine, and it was the workers that were absorbing the market shortfalls. Worker abuse was unhindered by much government interference, and any inspectors that were sent to the mines were often paid off by the coal operators to ignore gross safety hazards. Something had to change, and this is where Sayles story of conflict begins. Contrasting dark and light, violence versus peaceful disobedience, evil against good, Sayles created war in Matewan. Through sound, cinematography, and mise en scene the film develops the embattled characters and the surrounding revolution. The exposition really establishes the mood of the film. It begins by following a coughing coal miner, covered in black soot, as he crawls around in damp dark mountain shafts. The miner is setting explosives and using verbal warnings to spread the word that dynamite is about to go off in the hole. For the first few minutes of the film Sayles really establishes the claustrophobia of the mines. The dark unsafe passages that make the audience immediately feel threatened by some unseen danger. It is a battle of man versus nature down in the mines and the sweat soaked char-coated men, no matter how much dynamite they set each day, seem to be losing the war. Danny Radnor, played by Will Oldham, passes the word that they have lowered the value of coal to 90 cents a ton. Danny asks imploringly, Sephus, what we gonna do? Rarely will we see the inside of a mine again until the conclusion of the film. It only took through the opening credits to establish that the mines are not...

The Old Man and the Sea Questions for Discussion

The Old Man and the Sea Questions for Discussion Written by Ernest Hemingway,  The Old Man and the Sea is a famous novel about man versus nature and the determined struggle against inevitable aging and death. While Hemingway is known to be the master of brevity, his concise works also are much more complex than they would first appear, and  The Old Man and the Sea  is no exception. A literary classic, this novel is a great pick for a book club and a part of many schools curriculum. Here are questions related to The Old Man and the Sea that will get the discussion going.   Start From The Top: What is important about the title?   Plot Development: What are the conflicts in The Old Man and the Sea? Would you describe them in terms of physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional conflict?How does Ernest Hemingway reveal character in the novel? Symbolism: What are important themes in the story? How do they relate to the plot and characters?What are some of the symbols in the novel, and what do they represent?How universalare the ideas in  The Old Man and the Sea?  Does the story end the way you expected? How? Why? How realistic is the story?Where does The Old Man and the Sea take place? Is the setting important to the ideas in this book? Whats Your Opinion? Would you recommend this novel to a friend?

Monetary Policy Framework in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Monetary Policy Framework in the UK - Essay Example Stable price of products and confidence are important in controlling the inflation rate of the economy. The interest rates are controlled by the obligation of the government to control the inflation target in the economy. Hence the bank controlled the inflation rate through controlling the interest rates that are charged on the commercial banks. On the other hand financial stability includes protecting against threats to the whole financial system of a country. There are threat to the economic which are detected by the bank's surveillance and market intelligence functions which are dealt with through financial and other operations in the economy. These operations can be based at home or abroad. (Millard, 2006) All the above are important factors that are regulated through the monetary policies. In the UK, the Bank of England is bestowed with the role of a central bank. There is a monetary policy committee that deals with issues concerning the regulation of monetary policy in the economy. Throughout the history of the UK, there have been changes in the monetary policies that have helped to shape the economy of the UK. This paper will look closely at the way the monetary policies have been changing in the UK and look at the interaction that has been there between monetary polices and the inflation rate. ... This has corresponded with the changing rate of inflation in the country which has been caused by many factors. In order to streamline the performance of the economy, the monetary policies have been likewise changing with time to suit the environment. The bank of England in conjunction with the parliamentary committee have been playing crucial role in the changing of monetary policies in the country. There change in monetary policies has been corresponding with the changes in the rate of inflations. The bases of inflation control have been the use of integrated strategies to control the great demand. This has been implemented in conjunction with the banking sector which has played a crucial role in offsetting the rate of inflation in the country and likewise through the monetary policies. (Benito and Wood, 2006) The most notable change in the monetary policies in the UK has been the change that took place in the 1990 due to the changing landscape of inflation. By the standards of history, the performance of the economy under the inflation rate of this time had been unique. Between the periods of 1972 to 1992, there was recorded the lowest size of business-cycle frequency fluctuation. The unemployment-inflation trade-off displayed the greater stability was the greatest ever and the rate of inflation was the highest ever. But since then there has been historically unprecedented stability in the economy. Many economists have argued that this cannot be attributed only to the monetary framework but it can also be attributed to good luck in the performance of the macro economic policies. This has also been attributed to substantial consolidation of the fiscal policy which turned a deficit of 8% in 1993

Computers and the law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computers and the law - Essay Example An attempt to address these problems in the Act was implemented in controversial amendments, which came into force in October 2008 through the Police and Criminal Justice Act 2006 . With regard to the unauthorised access and attempted intrusions this could constitute an offence under the Act of the conduct satisfies the requirements as follows: 1) Unauthorised access to computer material (Section 1 of the Act); 2) Access to computer material without authorisation with intent to commit or assist the commission of offences (Section 2 of the Act); and 3) Modification of computer data without authorisation (Section 3 of the Act). With regard to the current factual scenario, it is evident that there have been attempts to hack the Macrobox system without success so far. Accordingly, whilst there has clearly been an intention to commit the office, there does not appear to have been actual access to the computer system or computer material. ... Accordingly, if we apply this to the current scenario, whilst the access to Macrobox’s computer and servers were not successful, the attempt to hack will constitute a criminal offence under Section 3 of the Act. With regard to potential penalties, the Police and Criminal Justice Act 2006 provides for criminal liability on the following basis to be included in the Act for the Section 3 offence: 1. On summary conviction a prison sentence of up to 12 months and a fine not exceeding the statutory minimum; or 2. On conviction on indictment, imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years or a fine or both (Section 36(6) of the Police and Criminal Justice Act 2006). Additionally, as the forum users have been trying to encourage others to hack Macrobox, this also potentially falls within incitement offences, which have now been removed from the Act and inserted into the inchoate offences section of the Serious Crime Act 2007. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that the encoura gement on online forums to hack Macrobox’s computer systems could also constitute a potential offence under the Terrorism Act 2000. Section 2(e) of the Terrorism Act provides that an act of terrorism includes any act which is â€Å"designed seriously to interfere with or seriously disrupt an electronic system† if the act is undertaken with the objective of furthering a political, religious or ideological cause. In the current scenario, it is evident that the attempts to hack and interfere with Macrobox’s computer systems and servers were as a result of the disclosure on public forums that Macrobox is a major software supplier for Staffordshire