Obesity Obesity And Obesity Essay - 942 Words

Childhood Obesity In the United States, seventeen percent of children have obesity. That percentage is approximately 12.7 million. Obesity is defined as being twenty percent above the estimated range based on height and age. Childhood obesity can be genetically, medically, or physically obtained. Obesity can cause many serious issues that can possibly be fatal. In order to overcome this issue children must lose weight and eat nutritious foods. This paper will explain the risk factors of obesity and how to achieve healthy weight loss. First, let’s discuss the health problems that can be caused by obesity. Obesity can leads to some serious problems such as high cholesterol and blood pressure. Those two things can lead to heart disease. Based on cdc.gov statistics, seventy percent of children that are obese have experience one cardiovascular disease. Also, obesity can cause diabetes, fatty liver, and gallbladder diseases. The diabetes that children inquire is called type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes can also have consequences such as heart disease, blindness, and kidney failure. Fatty liver occurs when fat is accumulated in the liver. When fat is built up in the liver it can cause swelling and irritation. If the symptoms are severe then this can possibly be fatal. Gallbladder disease or gallstones can also be a result from obesity. Typically this occurs when the gallbladder duct becomes inflamed or when a gallstone has built up. Gallstones generate from cholesterol andShow MoreRelatedObesity : Obesity An d Obesity986 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is one of the major health epidemics that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity. OverRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity798 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity Close to over one-third of adults living in the United States are obese (Diet and Obesity). Unfortunately, one third of children in the United States are also obese or overweight. Obesity has grown throughout the United States and has led to major health problem and can even be fatal. About 365,000 or more people die every year due to obesity. With numbers increasing obesity should be furthered examined to help prevent these conditionsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1442 Words   |  6 Pages5/13/16 Take home Project: Obesity Obesity basically means having too much body fat. Not being overweight for your height, having too much muscle, or water in your body. What exactly is obesity? â€Å"Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is a tool used to measure obesity. Obesity increases your risk ofRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1318 Words   |  6 PagesObesity Epidemic Due to Fast Food or Something More Obesity is rising at a rapid rate here in the United States, especially childhood obesity. The obesity epidemic is one of the country’s most serious health problems. Adult obesity rates have doubled since 1980 from 15 to 30 percent, while childhood obesity rates have more than tripled. Is there a link in obesity and fast food eating? Are fast food restaurants to blame for our nation’s obesity issues? Or are we ourselves and our lack of knowledgeRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesleads to health risks and obesity, people are still putting unhealthy food into their body daily.   The United States has the highest obesity rate in the world by 6% and the government should be helping to lower that percentage (http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Health/Obesity).   The best for the United States to help the obesity rate is by implementing a fat tax.   A fat tax is a tax on foods that are considered unhealthy and are believed to lead people to obesity.   The main way fat taxesRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1417 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned. Doctors often use a formula based on height and weight, called body mass index (BMI), to determine obesity. Children with a BMI over 21 is considered obese and over 18 is overweight (Arnett, J.J.2016). Adults with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese. Severe obesity, also known as severe obesity or morbid obesity, occurs when a BMI of 40 or more is present. With morbid obesity, there may be serious health problems. If children do not have enough activities, they will not be able to burnRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagescertificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for Disease Control refers to â€Å"twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity, because obesity greatly increases the risk of diabetes, and the number of Americans who are obese has been increasing rapidly† (9). A newly developed term, â€Å"diabesity,† is commonly used to represent the close relationship between obesity and diabetes (8). Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood and is defined when the pancreas fails to produce a healthy amountRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity892 Words   |  4 Pagesadults are considered obese in America. In recent years obesity is the health topic of choice these days because obesity in America is a growing epidemic. One out of twenty people in America have extreme obesity. According to a 2009-2010 survey conducted by the National Health and Nutrition examination this data states that about one third of children and adolescents ages six to nine are considered to be overweight or obese. Adolescent obesity has more than tripled in young adults and doubled in childrenRead MoreObesity : Obesity And The Obesity2209 Words   |  9 Pages OBESITY in America As the world is growing day by day the problem of obesity is also increasing all over the world. Since from1980 to 2014, the obesity has risen two times as compared to the previous years. The obesity is related to the how much energy is left, but the most important cause of having the obesity is â€Å"dysbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure† (Nazarii Kobyliak 1). The obesity is the excessive fat in the body and it can cause to any age group form child to the oldRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity985 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity is one of the major health epidemic that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry ; there are several other factors leads to obesity.

William Randolph Hearst And The French Revolution

Since Progressive era was the reformation period, many political and economic changes occurred in California. To know these reformation movements and other changes, the newspapers played an important role for the people in that period of time. Then, the more successful in newspaper, the more competitions occurred in journalists and publishers. There were many well-known newspaper tycoons such as Joseph Pulitzer and Ida Tarbell. Among them, William Randolph Hearst was the most successful person in newspaper chain because he had many resources and supports to do what he wanted, and his success led to influence in newspaper because he was the owner of the Spanish War and was able to build the media empire. Since William Randolph Hearst was†¦show more content†¦Therefore, he was able to manage his own newspaper earlier than any others in his age because of his family background and the supports. In addition, as Hearst had a great starting point in his career, he had got success in his newspaper career because he had enough money to spend in upgrading and to buy many newspaper companies. Leonard describes his success in the media world by hiring the best journalists and talented writers. So, he could make the Examiner to succeed by spending more money from his father’s mines. Addressing how much he spent for his work, the writer mentions â€Å"Hearst spent more than $8 million of family money in his first decade of newspaper work.† Moreover, he purchased another newspaper, the New York Journal, and he owned more than two dozen newspaper nationwide. According to his profile, the writer said â€Å"In fact, nearly one in four Americans got their news from a Hearst paper.† Therefore, the more he purchased the newspaper companies, the more he became influence in that area because more than half of the people in the United States read his newspaper in that period of time. Furthermore, the yellow journalism was emerged in the late 19th cent ury because of William Hearst, and that new term helped start the Spanish War. In the Article of â€Å"Newspaper Wars†, the writer explains how yellow journalism was founded. He describes â€Å"In September 1895, Hearst had acquired the New York Journal, one of the few major Eastern papers. Hearst had inherited an

Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens Free Essays

The Language Barrier for Non-English Speaking Citizens Lynne Lilley Com/150 University of Phoenix Com/150 March 8, 2010 The Language Barrier for Non-English Speaking Citizens â€Å"No Habla English†. â€Å"21 million people living in the United States cannot speak English. Citizens are not just speaking Spanish, but Chinese and Russian are rising fast. We will write a custom essay sample on Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2009) To force a citizen to speak a new language is discrimination. Non-English speaking citizens and immigrants that are without good English skills will fall academically, in the judicial system and when receiving proper medical care. 47 million Americans five years and older used a language other than English. The children that have no English skills will not be able to understand what the teacher is trying to teach. Children will not be able to do their assignments correctly and will eventually fail the class. †Some illegal immigrants are raising their children without teaching them English, hoping that the school will do that job. The Washington Post recently reported that as many as two-thirds of the children in suburban Arlington County, Virginia, receiving language assistance from kindergarten through second-grade born in the United States to non-English-speaking parents who don’t read to them, talk to them, or provide them a background in any language. (Not Speakiing their Native Tongue, 1996) A child being educated in English opens many doors of opportunities. English as a Second Language learner has more benefits than those of native English. Native speakers tend to speak in slang or use cliches and have bad grammar skills. There are even laws to wanting to learn another language as opposed to not knowing another language. In Albany, Georgia, they are trying to pass a law that students no longer have Spanish classes in schools and parents need to hire a tutor to come in to their home and teach the child a foreign language. Learning English will benefit a child not knowing the language and prevent barriers as an adult. Since the first amendment is freedom of speech, why do so many non-English speaking citizens run into barriers in the judicial systems? A citizen cannot explain an emergency to a police official such as; ho attacked them, who they were victimized by or the nature of the emergency they are having. There are just not enough bilingual employees in the judicial system whether it is police, courthouse officials, or translators. If an officer does not speak the language of the victim, the officer has to call a hotline service that will provide the correct language and that could take some time. Attorney’s that have non-English speaking clients recognize initially that such representation will be time consuming. They must begin their representation carefully, making sure a basis foundation for communication exists. Another problem that occurs when the client and attorney waste time because the attorney, court clerk, or other individual fail to identify the correct name of the represented individual. Often times when a non-English speaking citizen has problems with the judicial system it occurs because the person cannot read the notices sent or end up having no counsel or able to consult with their counsel. Defendants end up doing lengthy jail sentences because they did not tell the court they needed an interpreter. â€Å"In Virginia, a convenience store clerk was fired for complaining about the employer’s unwritten English-only policy. In Florida, two hotels faced on AFL-CIO boycott because they reportedly insisted they use English only. In New York, Long Life Home Care has been sued by EEOC on behalf of two workers who allege that the company prohibits employees from speaking Spanish only during breaks, lunch in the cafeteria and within one city block of their office building† (Lost in Translation, 2006). Judicial systems are not the only ones who have problems with language barriers; the medical field are affected too. Non-English speaking citizens and immigrants are receiving improper medical care because of the miscommunication. The people who cannot speak English well are misunderstood, when they go to free clinics or hospital emergency rooms and attempt to explain their symptoms and illness or cannot understand the doctors or medical profession that are trying to help them. † Interpreters are omitting questions about drug allergies. Patients are not telling nurses the correct symptoms. A mother misunderstood by putting oral antibiotic into the ears of the child instead of the mouth. The Puerto Rican word for mumps is not the same in Central America, so a child was mistreated. A doctor mistakenly told a parent to put a steroid creme on entire child instead of just the face† (Yolanda Prtida, 2005). Language barriers in the medical field are dangerous and some times even fatal. There is definitely a need for more translators in hospitals and doctors office. Clear communication is essential for safe quality healthcare. Poor communication can lead to disastrous outcomes, especially for patients with limited or no English ability. Working together with non-English speaking citizens and immigrants would help eliminate some barriers. When you call any bank or financial institute, public utility, or government agency, you can hear a prompt stating if you want to proceed in English press 1. That shows that we are working on a bilingual nation. A language barrier is not a disability, while those who cannot communicate are, of course, handicapped in our society. The inability to speak English is not a handicap in the physiological sense. † Let’s face—English is a crazy language, and English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race (which, of course, isn’t a race at all). That is why,-when-the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it† (unknown). Works Cited Lost in Translation. (2006, January 17). New York Times , pp. 1-2. Not Speakiing their Native Tongue. (1996, May 14). Washington Post , p. A1. U. S. Bureau of Census. (2009). Retrieved March 2, 2010, from U. S Bureau of Census website: http://factfinder. census. gov unknown. (n. d. ). Yolanda Prtida, M. D. (2005). Language Policy and Practice in Healthcare. Fresno: Center for Medical Eduacation Research. How to cite Language Barriers for Non-Speaking Citizens, Essays

The Issues Facing the Board

Question: Prepare a Report that prioritises, analyses and evaluates the issues facing the board of SR, based on the issues highlighted in this scenario. Answer: Introduction The companies operating in Oil and Gas sector have to operate under certain financial, legal and societal constraints. It is important that organizations operating in this sector should have long-term plan of operations and development. The success of companies operating in this sector would depend on the existing oil and gas reserves and on the new licenses for oil and gas. The companies operating in this sector would require good cash reserve to keep growing (Carmichael, 2001). It is also important that the management of the company should take all the stakeholders together to make important decisions about the company. As mentioned in the case study SR has won the right to test drill on three different fields (Edwina, Felicity and Georgia). This appears to be a good news for the company and in fact, this news increased the stock price of SR. However, Charles Lincoln is worried about the future operations of the company. The company has been awarded new licenses but it appears that it lacks the financial to operate the three sites. The existing sites of the company has also limited oil and gas reserves. Charles Lincoln is engulfed among lot of issues such as outsourcer problem, pressure from environmental organization, internal organizational problem. He wants to focus on the long-term plan of the company. The objective of this paper is to discs the various challenges faced by SR Limited for discussion at Board level. This paper would discuss the various issues surrounding SR and some recommendations would be made. Analysis SR Company has been a matured player in oil and gas exploration and production industry (EP). The company is headed by Charles Lincoln who has always focused on growth and development. Recently, company has got the license to dig into three new fields. It is a very good opportunity for SR. Therefore, it is important that company should be in a position to handle all its internal and external issues. One of the most important consideration for SR is the cash consideration. The company is required to acknowledge the license of three new fields within 2 weeks and CFO of the company is on leave. Charles Lincoln is not sure that how much money company can gather. A joint venture or a farm out offer with other company called Drill Well is an option. It is important that management must analyze the pros and cons of all the options before making any decision. The immediate issues for SR can be discussed as: Underlying issues for the company From the case study, it can be inferred that SR is surrounded by both internal and external issues. These internal and external issues for SR can be discussed as: Farm out offer with Drill Well (DW) Charles Lincoln is aware of the fact that regardless of the decision whether to test drill all three sites the SR board is clear that SR will lack the financial capacity, and the managerial and productive capacity to bring all three wells into production. Therefore, Charles Lincoln wants to have a farm offer with Drill Well. Under this offer, some of the money would come from DW. However, the deal with DW does not appear to be a smooth deal. DW has come up with its own terms and conditions for the deal. DW has offered the option payment at this moment but in return, it wants the right but not an obligation to extract oil and gas from the field. It can be said that the terms and conditions of the deal does not make this deal a very attractive deal for SR. However, Charles Lincoln has limited options and it appears that the company must deal with DW so that its financial condition and cash reserves can be improved. This issue is an internal issue for the company and company must discus s it internally to reach a consensus. Environmental problems, Protest by CareGreen Parties This issue is an external issue for the company. This issue exists not only for SR but also for other companies operating in this sector. The SR head office was targeted last week by a protest about the use of finite fossil fuels. This was a coordinated attack against the industry rather than SR alone. It can be said that this issue is not very serious for the company at this moment. However, management must be cautious of any such issues because it can result in bad reputation for the company and this would be the last thing that company would want when it has plan to expand for three more oil fields. This issue could also have an impact on the share price of the company. Outsourcing issue The companies operating in oil and gas sector would typically outsource the production work to external vendors. SR also has the partnership with different vendors that perform the production work for the company. BoringHolesUK Limited is one of the chosen outsourcer at the Apache field and has been working with SR from the start. They have a good reputation and have always worked well within SRs and industry regulations. Recently, there has been political and military unrest in this farm field. As a result, several employees of BoringHolesUK Limited has left the job. It appears that this company is under serious resource crunch to do the tasks. SR has the policy to have frequent check of the operations of BoringHolesUK Limited. In one of the recent audit, some irregularity was surfaced in the control log record. Some employee of the company was making forged signature of an employee who has left the company couple of months back. This is an alarming issue for SR and it is expected t hat SR would have a system of check and balances on all its partners and outsourcing vendors. SRs long-term future One of an important issue for the company is about the sustainability of its existing fossil fuels reserves. The existing reserves of the company would only last for another 7 years. The company does not have any Plan B for the future and it is a serious issue for the company. This is also an internal issue for the company. However, a thought leadership and strategic thinking would be required to resolve this issue. Some radical changes in the organization and operations and some hard decisions could also be required to bring SR on sustainable path. The issues discussed above are critical from operations point of view. It is very important that SR must have the plan to overcome all the issues. Some of the issues and internal in nature that could be managed with internal discussion. While, some of the issues are external in nature. For external issues, SR must tie up with partners and competitors. Some of the recommendations for SR can be discussed as: Recommendations The first and most important recommendation for SR is that it must focus on sustainable development. The company must have a vision and long-term plan. The management of the company should be clear as where they see the company five years down the line, ten years down the line and beyond. It is also important that the vision and plan of the company should be shared with all the stakeholders. In fact, in order to develop long-term plan and vision, SR must take inputs from all the stakeholders of the organization. It would include both internal and external stakeholders. The companies operating in this sector would usually operate in Business-to-Business models. Therefore, most of the customers of SR would be business entities. It is recommended that SR should also take the input from its customers in order to develop a sustainability strategy. As discussed above, the company is dependent on its outsourcing vendors like BoringHolesUK Limited. It is recommended that SR should have a strong system of audit for its outsourcing vendors. In the current environment, SR does have the provision of spot-checking and periodic checking. However, it appears that the current system is not strong enough. It is recommended that SR must focus to increase its control system on its outsourcing partners. One of the ways to achieve this would be to have more than one outsourcing vendors. It is recommended that SR should have a pool of outsourcing vendors. The company should have a rating system wherein it would rate the performance of its outsourcing partners. In fact, the payment and rewards for the outsourcing vendors would also depend on the way these companies performs. This would in turn motivate outsourcing vendors to perform well. In addition, SR could also have the provision of external inspection wherein the Audit team would visit its outsourcing vendors. The issue of environmental organization should also be given due importance. It is important that the management of SR should have the strategy to deal with environmental issues also. It is recommended that SR should increase its consideration for social corporate responsibility. It would be good if SR can portray itself as an environment friendly firm. It is recommended that SR should also invest in certain programs around environment and CSR. The objective of the company should be to join hands with environmental organizations and to realize them that the company is working to increase the energy resources that is the requirement of entire world. It is recommended that SR should establish a dedicate function of Corporate Social Responsibility within the organization. The objective of this function would be to work with environmentalists for a sustainable and green future. Conclusion The above paper discussed the various issues facing SR. With the above discussion, it can be said that SR is surrounded by certain serious issues. However, a planned approach and a holistic understanding of the future can help company to overcome these issues (Mukherjeea, 2010). The first step for the company would be to have the strategy for internal and external issues. It is also important that company should realize that it couldnt solve all the issues on itself. There are certain external issues that could be solved only with a partnership with competitors and other industry players. The company must also focus on CSR issues. SR should have and should promote only green operations. It would ensure that company has the trust and respect of environmental organizations and society. It is also important that company should have both short-term plans and long term plans to address the issues. The management of the company should formulate the plans with a thorough discussion with all the stakeholders of the company. References Carmichael, L. (2001) Energy services: a status report [Online] Electric Power Research Institute (ERPI). Available from: https://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?Abstract_id=000000000001001901 (Accessed: 24 February 2011). Duttaa, M., Mukherjeea, S. (2010) An outlook into energy consumption in large scale industries in India: The cases of steel, aluminium and cement, Energy Policy, 38(11) p. 7286-7298, 12p

Forensic linguistics

Introduction Laws are a major contributor of how people behave and how they relate to each other. Our relationships with the people who live around us are molded by the existing laws.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Forensic linguistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Man’s everyday activities ranging from buying of commodities to selling of products and everything else is done and made formal through a binding law. Law can be written or oral which ever seems convenient to use by the parties involved. Some people sign contracts which are a form of law while others agree orally which itself can also be a form of law if there were people who were specifically invited to witness. The law represents a society value system imposing both the required rights and obligations, punishing those who behave against the society will. However, to make these laws succeed and function properly; there is a languag e which is used (legal language) which enables the exchange of information as well as the understanding of the involved parties easier. From an institution perspective, law can be described as a linguistic institution. Everything in law is communicated through a specific language (coded) and the concepts of understanding the law itself are coded through the same language. Almost every legal process involves the use of a language. The legal processes indicated above ranges from proceedings in the courts to investigations conducted by the police and also to the management of prisoners. This is a clear identification that contacts through which we as people are able to communicate with other people are guided and controlled by the language. The language has to be common for the message to be understood since without a common language, people could never understand each other. Studies investigating the relationship between law and language have been ongoing for several years now with ho w language is used to get the required information in solving a legal issues being a subject of major interest. It is with the increased interests that the field of forensics linguistic has been introduced to the law sector. Forensics linguistics involves studying of a language to identify people or parties involved in a certain issue whether criminal and civil in order to solve their problem amicably without some parties being wrongly judged while others are wrongfully acquitted for crimes committed. Forensics linguistics is thus summarized as the use of language in court proceedings or legal issues either to present a case or get evidence from one party (Gibbons, 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What is forensics linguistics? The study of languages is defined as Linguistic. It involves differentiating one language from the other. To understand the different languages, linguistics uses several techniques which include among others the phonetics, morphology and phonology. Sometimes, each of the above techniques can require different people since they also qualify to be independent fields within linguistics (McDavid, S McDavid, R 238). Other than the three noted subfields, a new subfield which has gained popularity among the scholars lately has been the forensic linguistics. A part from forensics linguistics being qualified in the analysis of language, most of them possess other analytical skills such as mathematics, statistics science and the law itself which they have to deal with. The possession of these analytical skills makes analyzing and understanding of both written and spoken language. In return, this increases the chances of making a sound judgment when it is decision time. Forensic language involves the use of legal questions in order to get the important information needed. Questions as to who initiated the conflict, who wrote a threaten ing letter to his father, who swore he could do what? Are examples of questions which are investigated in this field? Professionals in this field address the aspects of the language and the analytical arsenal of linguistics from existing theories such as the speech act theory and thematic theory. To understand the law, one has to understand the language used in a court of law. For example what are statutes, arrest warrants, subpoenas which are among the legal terms mostly used in legal proceedings? The work of forensic linguistic spans over a wide area ranging from issues dealing with trademarks, plagiarism of the written materials to confessions and hate crimes. In summary, we can indicate that the field of forensic linguistics involves analyzing legal issues through rigorous and scientifically recognized principles of linguistic analysis. It is only after successful analysis that the results are then translated into legal evidence. What’s the job of forensics linguistics? A forensic linguistic contributes into solving problems related to linguistic concerns through different ways. They use different techniques since there is no single uniform method of retrieving the required information. For example, forensic linguistics helps in making legal documents easily readable and more comprehensive.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Forensic linguistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These legal documents include contracts, jury instructions, and agreements among others. By concentrating their efforts in the job at hand, the often complicated language within these documents is simplified and the complicated phrases within the document are made easily understandable by the people previously may not have ad the ability. Forensic linguistics also help lawyers (attorneys) in explaining clearly to the court of law the legal terms using more commonly used terms as a result making comm unication between the involved parties even much easier. For example, sometimes linguistics forensics are invited to courts of law or them to testify and clarify the meaning of certain written or spoken words if a dispute arises into the true meaning of the words. Settling trademark disputes is another function the forensic linguistics engages in. if two parties are in dispute about a certain trademark, it is the work of forensic linguistics to determine who really owns the right to use the trademark. They also investigate the authorship attribution (who wrote or who spoke) of a language. This includes those who issues threats or those who leave behind suicide notes .In case of suicide notes, the forensic linguistics determines who really wrote the notes. Did the victim write the note or did some other people write the note after killing the man. By analyzing his writing styles and comparing them to other pieces the victim has ever written, these experts are even able to determine w hether the note was written through coercion or it was free will. As part of their job, they help the law enforcing officials in authenticating everything which might be used in solving a dispute whether spoken or written. to achieve genuine end results, forensics linguistic studies the presented information (written or oral) by observing whether there are comparisons or differences which can be noted. They have learnt the art of determining whether the same person made the different recordings. By analyzing the presented piece of information, forensic linguistics can be able to decide the background of the person and where he comes from. Just by listening or reading the confessions, the forensics linguistics is able to determine whether the confessions were made through use of force or whether the confessions were voluntary. They achieve this through the comparison of the person’s normal speech or normal method of writing to the presented confession. What they usually look f or when investigating documents include similarities in the meaning of the information and how the words or the information is arranged easing the process of identification of the author. Whether there is a possibility that they were written by the same person. Another aspect through which they are able to discover authors of presented articles is through detection of plagiarism.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plagiarism involves the collection and the comparison of different pieces of information in a bid to determine whether they were written by the same author (they assume that if the author is one, there is likelihood of using similar terms in the different documents). Finally, A forensic linguistic does his job by studying how law enforcers (policemen) interrogate criminals and if notices some difficulties, they assist enabling the two parties communicate effectively by making use of easily understandable terms. Phonetic linguistic is related and part of forensic linguistics With the increased importance of video and audio recordings in most of the court proceedings, forensic phonetic has emerged as a new field of importance. Phonetics is defined as the study of the sounds which people make as they pass information from one party to the other when speaking. The use of the mouth, vocal chords and the nasal cavity is what phonetics study and analyze. Experts in phonetics (phoneticians ) research how different people speak. They are therefore able to differentiate and recognize it from others. They analyze similarities and differences of one language from the other through the various sounds people make. McDavid, S McDavid, R 238). Just as in the forensic linguistics, phoneticians are also experts from other fields such as physics, medicine, and psychology among other related fields. It is through their expertise in these fields that they are able to conduct their work efficiently. For example, those with expertise in physics are able to study speech sounds by analyzing the sound waves. They then research into how our body parts such as the brain, ears and nerves respond to different sounds. In the application of this field to legal issues, a phonetician performs forensic speech analysis to determine its source. For example, there have been instances when crimes are committed by criminals whom the victims never saw but they heard their speech. If they are any audi o speech recordings, phoneticians analyze the speech and help in identifying who the real culprits behind the crimes were. They analyze the recorded speech by also trying to clarify what the culprit clearly said. Through their analysis, they are also able to authenticate recordings by studying it intently so as to make sure that the recordings were never altered to favor a particular party. Though sometimes they use computers to analyze the spoken words, most of the times they listen intently to the audio recordings and try to figure out who were involved. They listen to an audio recording several times, each time trying to analyze and figure out certain qualities within the speech. Their role is not to define what was said but to identify who said what. Phoneticians analyze the sounds made through four aspects which are: analyzing the sounds made by the vocal chords out of the sound made fro the recorded speech (for example was the voice rough, did the speaker breathe deeply and so on). The second aspect involves listening to the sounds made by the speaker’s mouth and the nasal cavities. He or she notes the vocal qualities; the pronunciation of vowels is also analyzed and other characteristics which can be able to show the cultural, social and geographical background of the one making the speech. Lastly, phonetic linguistic analyzes various individual speech characteristics such as the speaker pronunciation of the speaker consonants or whether the speaker slurs or lisps certain words. In addition to all these, phoneticians also conduct the acoustic analysis. This form of analysis involves the digitizing recorded speeches in order to feed them in computer software which is able to measure the frequencies of pitch and vowel sounds. Examples of crimes and murders through facebook where written message was used to convict the suspects Social networks are channels through which people meet and discuss almost everything virtually through the internet. People exchange photos, phone numbers and files and even set business agreements through these social networks. There are several social networks in the world which include Facebook, twitter, My Space, my Blog and many other social networks. Though the social networks have their advantages by providing a platform for all the positive activities mentioned above there has been reported cases of malpractices in which people have lost their information and even lost their loved ones through these social networks. Concentrating more on Facebook since it more common among the ordinary people, we shall give examples of instances where crimes have occurred through the assistance of Facebook. Due to loss of privacy, social networks are easy to be hacked and the Hackers use social networks to send malwares to unsuspecting users in the internet. These malwares either launch spam files which are obscene and which if opened infects the computer leading to its crashing. Facebook has also been used as a n avenue of committing fraud (MacAfee, 1). For example, in Facebook there has been use of Koobface which is a malicious file that hackers use to spread the codes of viruses and worms to other people computers crushing computer programs. The crush of computers can lead to loss of important information leading to losses. Hackers also use social sites such as Facebook to access peoples passwords whereby after accessing them, they are able to open the victims account without his knowledge and access precious information which he can use for example in stealing banks and committing crimes. Another crime which is also prevalent when using social sites and has been experienced in Facebook includes; impostors whom most of the times are jailbirds or sex pests. They tend to lure teenagers especially girls into their traps by organizing meetings in secluded places. When the unsuspecting individuals agree and decide to meet these criminals, some of them are kidnapped and their families are aske d for ransom or after meeting, the victims are raped and then killed. An example is a report which was in the in Independent Newspaper of a case where a serial rapist lured a teenage girl into his trap by posing like a young man, but after their meeting, the girl discovered that the man was not the young man he posed to be. Discovering problems could arise, the serial rapist informed the girl that she was the son’s father and that his son had informed him to collect her. After the girl agreed to enter into the vehicle, they went with the man only for the man to rape her before killing her and disposing her body. (Hughes Brown, 1). There has also been a case of love gone sour through social networks. It is reported that a man was arrested and jailed for killing a former girlfriend after seeing her in a photo with her new lover on Facebook. The man informed the girlfriend through Facebook chat that he would like to meet the girlfriend and they solve their issues although the gi rlfriend was hesitant at first, she agreed after long pleading and it was when the two met that he decided to kill her stabbing her with a knife several times on her body (Raif, 1) Conclusion Linguistics is the scientific study of languages and when used in solving crimes or legal matters, then it is referred to as forensic linguistics. A forensic linguistic contributes into solving problems involved in linguistic concerns through different ways which include observing the patterns, similarities or any inconsistencies in the speech or the written information. On the other hand, a phonetic linguistics uses mouth, vocal chords and the nasal cavity to study and analyze a language. The emergence of the two fields in linguistics has played a key role in solving crimes by indicating positively without allegations of favoritism towards a particular side. Works Cited Gibbons, John. Forensic linguistics: An introduction to language in the justice system.2003. Willey- Blackwell. New York. Hug hes Mark, â€Å"Facebook fears after sex offender logged on to murder†. The Independent UK. 2010. Web. Mcaffee, â€Å"A Parent’s Guide to Social Networking Sites: Five Lessons to Keep Your Kids Safe when they socialize online†. 2009. Web. McDavid, Susan, and McDavid Richard. Career opportunities in forensic science. 2008. InfoBase Publishing. New York. Raif Shenai, â€Å"Man jailed for killing girlfriend after Facebook row†. 2010. Press Association. Web. This research paper on Forensic linguistics was written and submitted by user Kristian Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing Tips How to Punctuate Brackets

Writing Tips How to Punctuate Brackets Writing Tips: How to Punctuate Brackets Brackets (or parentheses) are a useful type of punctuation. However, it can be hard to know where to put other punctuation marks when a sentence contains brackets. So how does this work? Check out our advice on how to punctuate brackets for more information. Full Stops: Inside or Outside? We’re often asked whether to place periods inside or outside closing brackets. But this depends on the situation. As a rule, you should: Place periods inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical. Place periods outside closing brackets in all other cases. So when bracketed text is part of a longer sentence, the full stop goes after the closing bracket: The cake looks great (and tastes even better). âÅ"“ The cake looks great (and tastes even better.) âÅ"â€" And when a whole sentence is parenthetical, the full stop goes inside the closing bracket: I ate the whole cake. (And now I am full.) âÅ"“ I ate the whole cake. (And now I am full). âÅ"â€" Brackets and Commas When it comes to comma placement and brackets, there are two main rules: You will almost never need a comma before an opening bracket. You only need a comma after a closing bracket at the end of a clause. As such, you only need a comma after a closing bracket if the sentence would contain one anyway. And this means we can check whether a comma is correct by removing the bracketed text. For example, below we have one correct and one incorrect comma: We’re going to the zoo tomorrow (Tuesday), which will be nice. âÅ"“ Big cats (e.g., lions and tigers), are predators. âÅ"â€" And if we remove the bracketed text, we can see why the second is wrong: We’re going to the zoo tomorrow, which will be nice. âÅ"“ Big cats, are predators. âÅ"â€" We do not need a comma between â€Å"cats† and â€Å"are† here. And since this sentence does not need a comma, it doesn’t need one when we add the bracketed text either. Exclamation Points and Question Marks Finally, we’ll look at exclamation points and question marks. Like periods, these are forms of terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the end of a sentence. However, unlike periods, you can use an exclamation point or a question mark within brackets mid-sentence. For instance: The man (what was his name?) left a note. âÅ"“ Here, we use a question mark to show the bracketed text is a question. It’s worth noting here that the punctuation inside brackets does not affect the rest of the sentence. And as such, when a sentence ends with bracketed text that includes an exclamation point or a question mark, we still need to add a period after the closing bracket. For example: I was not invited (and I am furious!). âÅ"“ I was not invited (and I am furious!) âÅ"â€" Summary: How to Punctuate Brackets It can be tricky to know where to put punctuation in a sentence that includes brackets. However, we have a few simple guidelines to follow that will help ensure your written work is error free: Always place periods outside closing brackets unless the entire sentence is parenthetical, in which case the full stop goes inside. Only use a comma after a closing bracket at the end of a clause. Use question marks and exclamation points inside brackets as required. However, don’t forget to add a period after the closing bracket. And if you’d like more help with your punctuation, you can always get your work proofread by the experts.

Principles of communication-111 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of communication-111 - Essay Example Secondly, the employers owe the employees the obligation of consulting with them concerning the decisions that are made relating to the normal chores in the performance of their work duties. Consultative decision-making has always proved to be pivotal in the management of workers. This is because the employees are allowed to express their views and concerns to the management, which in turn is responsible to adhere to the demands of the employees (Queensland Government web). Thirdly, the employers should provide all the appropriate personal protective equipment, which are required to ensure to ensure workers can complete their job safely. Protective equipment plays a major role in ensuring that the safety of workers is adhered to. Consequently, safe employees will produce more than the unsafe employees will. In addition, it the obligation of the employers should monitor and evaluate the occupational health safety systems and procedures to ensure that workers are adequately protected from work place hazards. It is the obligation of the employers to provide facilities for the welfare of the employees. The welfare system covers many areas including toilettes facilities to conducting risk assessments on the plants and equipment is used. They should also make the procedures known to the employees. Moreover, the employers have a duty the employees the agreed amount if the employee arrives for work and is able to work. The payments include the agreed upon remuneration of wages and salaries (Queensland Government web). Another major obligations is that the employers are responsible to give the employees work to do. However, if the employee is paid by commission, and the employer does not give the employee any work to do, or if not working, could damage the employees reputation. In addition, the employers are obliged to give the correct information to their employees about their rights